The ethno-demographic structure of Kazakhstan’s population and its representation in domestic and foreign historiography

Abstract

In this article a contextual overview of historiography on key historical periods and events underlying the formation of Kazakhstan’s ethno-demographic structure from the late 19th century to the present is provided. Researchers are categorized into two main groups: domestic and foreign. Three primary research centers specializing in historical-demographic studies in Kazakhstan are identified as productive and effectively operating as distinct scholarly schools (Almaty, Karaganda, and Ust-Kamenogorsk). International historiography is primarily represented by English-speaking authors. Additional criteria, such as research schools, thematic directions, and contributions to the topic, are introduced for more detailed classification. The article underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of Kazakhstan’s population formation for demographic analysis and in illuminating the processes shaping national identity and the country’s political landscape. Literature addressing key historical periods — imperial, Soviet, and independence — is analyzed. By incorporating domestic and international historiography, the authors highlight differences in perspectives between these groups on Kazakhstan’s ethno-demographic development, its role in nation-building, identity formation, and contemporary sociopolitical realities. The article also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and comprehensive methodologies in studying Kazakhstan’s complex demographic history and current trends.